BADMINTON

BADMITON

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor.

HOW TO PLAY BADMITON

STEPS:

1. Toss a coin. The player winning the toss chooses between serving or

receiving first.

2. Start service from the right side (always) and serve to the diagonal

service box.

3. Serve underhand only.

4. Count scored points only on your serve.

5. Gain control of the serve by winning the point when your opponent is

serving.

6. Rally by hitting the shuttle (sometimes called a birdie) over the net, trying

to land it on your opponent's court to score a point.

7. Score a point also when your opponent hits the shuttle out of your court,

into the net, hits the shuttle with his body or clothing, or hits it before it

crossed the net.

8. Win the game by scoring 15 points first.

9. Play a match based on the best two out of three.  

  

 

If the score becomes 14-14, the player who reached 14 first decides whether to

set the score at 15 or 17.  

  

Players change ends and at the conclusion of each game and in the 3

rd

 game

when leading scorer reaches 8 points.

hockey!!

HOCKEY

Hockey is a team sport played on a large surface of ice. Players wear ice skates with sharp blades that glide smoothly along the ice surface. Sticks in hand, player’s battle to put the puck past the goalie into the opposing teams’ net.

Each team has anywhere from 12 to 30+ players with at least one designated goalie. Players are designated as either defensive or offensive players. Each team has three forwards on the ice, a center, right wing and left wing, two defensive players and a goalie. That is unless a team is shorthanded because of a penalty.

THE HOKEY RINK

Middle Circle:

Where face-offs are taken at the start of each period and after a goal is scored.

Centre Line:

The red-dotted line in the middle of the rink.

Blue Lines:

Lines that create each teams zone. The space between the blue lines, in the center, is called the ‘neutral zone’. If a player crosses the blue line into the opposing teams zone before the puck, the referee will call offside and play will be stopped.

Blue Line Dots:

Mainly for offside, puck out of bounds and penalty face-offs.

Zone circles:

Where face-offs take place after the goalie freezes the puck, an icing call, puck out of bounds, penalties, etc.

The Goal Line:

The puck must go past the goal line into the net to be considered a goal. Also if a player shoots the puck past the centre line and goal line on the opposing side, the referee will call icing, play will stop and the puck will be brought back to the shooters end.

'Tennis : DD !

is a sport that is practiced in a plain, rectangular, divided by an intermediate network, which is called a track.

They dispute between two players (singles) or between two couples (doubles) playing with bats and balls and is to hit the ball with the racket to go from side to side of the field passing over the network.

- Rules ♥

A game of tennis starts with the service of one of the players, who must hit the ball so it bounces diagonally infield side taking off.

After both players must pull alternately passing the ball from one field to another in search of your opponent can not return it before it bounces twice.

- Technique ♥

Tennis is a sport that requires players to master techniques such as: strokes, grips, effects, body positions and movements, as well as physical strength needed to endure long rallies.

By: Ontiveros Gabrela

                     

Gymnastics : ) ♥

It is a sport in which sequences are executed exercise requiring strength, flexibility and agility. 

General gymnastics

General Gymnastics is a discipline that involves people of all ages in groups from 6-150 gymnasts running synchronized choreography.

Groups can be single gender or mixed.

 

Artistic Gymnastics

The gymnastics involves performing a choreography composition, and simultaneously combining a high speed, body movements.

It consists of different modalities by male and female categories.

Gymnastics Rimíca

Rhythmic gymnastics is a discipline that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance and the use of various devices such as rope, hoop, ball, the clubs and ribbon.

Aerobics

The aerobics, formerly known as sport aerobics, is a discipline of gymnastics in which routine runs between 100 and 110 seconds with high intensity movements derived from traditional aerobics plus a number of elements of difficulty.

Acrobatic Gymnastics

Acrobatic Gymnastics also known as acro-sport or acrosport, is a group discipline where there are patterns of male partner, female partner, mixed couple, male female trio and quartet.

Gymnastics trampoline

The trampoline gymnastics is a discipline that involves making a series of exercises for several elastic devices where acrobatics is the main protagonist.

By: Ontiveros Gabriela

Archery

Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow, from Latinarcus. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat, while in modern times, its main use is that of a recreational activity. A person who participates in archery is typically known as an "archer" or "bowman", and one who is fond of or an expert at archery can be referred to as a "toxophilite".

Equipment

Types of bows

While there is great variety in the construction details of bows (both historic and modern) all bows consist of a string attached to elastic limbs that store mechanical energy imparted by the user drawing the string. Bows may be broadly split into two categories: those drawn by pulling the string directly and those that use a mechanism to pull the string.

Directly drawn bows may be further divided based upon differences in the method of limb construction, notable examples being self bows, laminated bows and composite bows. Bows can also be classified by the bow shape of the limbs when unstrung; in contrast to simple straight bows, a recurve bow has tips that curve away from the archer when the bow is unstrung. The cross-section of the limb also varies; the classic longbow is a tall bow with narrow limbs that are D-shaped in cross section, and the flatbow has flat wide limbs that are approximately rectangular in cross-section. The classic D-shape comes from the use of the wood of the yew tree. The sap-wood is best suited to the tension on the back of the bow, and the heart-wood to the compression on the belly. Hence, a cross-section of a yew longbow shows the narrow, light-coloured sap-wood on the 'straight' part of the D, and the red/orange heartwood forms the curved part of the D, to balance the mechanical tension/compression stress. Cable-backed bows use cords as the back of the bow; the draw weight of the bow can be adjusted by changing the tension of the cable. 

Compound bows are designed to reduce the force required to hold the string at full draw, hence allowing the archer more time to aim with less muscular stress. Most compound designs use cams or elliptical wheels on the ends of the limbs to achieve this. A typical let-off is anywhere from 65%–80%. 

Mechanically drawn bows typically have a stock or other mounting, such as the crossbow. They are not limited by the strength of a single archer and larger varieties have been used assiege engines.

Types of arrows and fletchings

The most common form of arrow consists of a shaft with an arrowhead attached to the front end and with fletchings and a nock attached to the other end. Arrows across time and history are normally carried in a container known as a quiver. Shafts of arrows are typically composed of solid wood, fiberglass, aluminium alloy, carbon fiber, or composite materials. 









Techniques of archery 

Modern competitive archery

Competitive archery involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances. This is the most popular form of competitive archery worldwide and is called target archery. A form particularly popular in Europe and America is field archery, shot at targets generally set at various distances in a wooded setting. Para-Archery is an adaptation of archery for athletes with a disability. It is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA), and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. There are also several other lesser-known and historical forms of archery, as well as archery novelty games.

Volleyball

is a sport where two teams face on a smooth pitch separated by a central network, trying to pass the ball over the net to the ground of the opponents.

The ball can be touched or driven with clean shots, but can not be stopped, held, retained or accompanied.

Each team has a limited number of touches to return the ball to the opposite field.

Usually the ball is hit with hands and arms, but also with any other body part.

  One of the most unique characteristics is that volleyball players have to be rotating their positions

                         as they earn points.

 The playing field

The playing field where volleyball is a rectangle 18 m long and 9 meters wide, divided into its centerline by a network that separates the two teams.

The free zone must be at least 3 m minimum in international competitions is increased to 5 m on the sidelines and 8 m to the bottom lines.

The free space on the track must have a minimum height of 7 m in international competitions up to 12.5 m.

the Network

At the core of the field lies a network of 1 m wide and 9.5 to 10 m long, with two bands at the top and bottom edges and two vertical rods protruding on the sideline of the field.

the ball

The ball is spherical and flexible circumference 65-67 cm, weighing 260-280 g and internal pressure between 0.300 and 0.325 kg / cm ². It is smaller and lighter than basketball or soccer balls.

Clothing

As in tennis, volleyball players wear during the game shirt, shorts, socks, sneakers and knee pads. When continuous contact with the ground is usual protections also wear knee and elbow. At first glance immediately distinguishes Liberos players because they have a different color dress the rest of his teammates.

hardware

Each team plays six players can be replaced with conditions.

Three of the players are the front line in attack tasks and the other three are placed behind and act defenders or defenders.

The entire team it can form a maximum of 14 players (12 plus 2 sweepers), a coach, an assistant coach, a masseur and a doctor.

By: Gabriela Ontiveros 

Football

Football refers to a number of sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer".

The various codes of football share the following common elements

• Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.
• A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
• Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
• Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
• The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
• Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.
• Players using only their body to move the ball.

In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts. Other features common to several football codes include: points being mostly scored by players carrying the ball across the goal line; and players receiving a free kick after they take a mark or make a fair catch.

Position players tactics

Goalkeeper or goalie

The goalkeeper is the player whose main objective is to prevent the ball from entering his goal during the game. The goalkeeper is the only player who can touch the ball with his hands during active play, but only within their own area.

Defense

The defense, the player is placed in front of a line goalkeeper and midfielders behind, whose main goal is to stop the opposing team's attacks.

Midfield player

The midfielder, midfielder or flyer is the person who plays in midfield in a soccer field. It is one of the most famous locations of the sport. Among its features are: retrieving balls, moves towards creating and exploiting the offensive game.

Striker

A striker or attacker is a player on a football team that excels in attack position, the closest to the goal of the opposing team, and is therefore primarily responsible for scoring the goals. It is very important to be on the move and always look pass, ie desmarcarte to make it easier by carrying the ball pasartela. Speed ​​is essential, a fast forward is unstoppable even if the defense is stronger.

Women's Soccer

Women's football has had slow growth in modern football, mainly social and cultural barriers that prevent the full entry of women into the sport.

Rules

Rule 1 - The football field

The game is set in the soccer field, which is required to be rectangular. In international games such as the World Cup, the fields must have a minimum of 100 meters in length, and up to 110 meters.

The width can not be smaller than 64 meters, and the limit is 75 meters. The goals are the same in all juegos.Cuentan in 2.44 meters high and 7.32 meters in length. Brands are also determined in the field which should be done in game. The small area 5.05 meters must necessarily begin the crossbar. The large area to 16.05 meters. The mark of the penitentiary 11 meters from the goal line should have gone exactly.

Rule 2 - The Ball

The ball to the most recent book of football rules regulations beginning with the most obvious: "must be spherical." FIFA is determined that the circumference is between 68 centimeters. and 70 inches., minimal variation. The weight should be between 410 g and 450 G. The pressure of the ball also anticipates: 1.1 atmospheres are ideal.

Rule 3 - The Number of Players

Not required to start the match with 11 players, this is as soon as the upper limit to enter the field. The minimum allowed a game is seven football players. The team can make three substitutions for the party, including the goalie under the rules of football.

Rule 4 - The Players Accessories

An accessory allowed by FIFA only exist: the shin. The jewelry of any kind is prohibited. The standard uniform in the game consists of: shirt, pantaloncillo, averages and booties, plus thermal Bermuda that must always be the it color pantaloncillo itself.

Rule 5 - The Referee

Its decisions can not under any circumstance ask. So much so that a bearing can be reviewed only if the party has not been restarted after a judge's sentence.

Rule 6 - Attendees

Not only indicate if you were off somewhere juagada link without also can not enter the field to help the referee steps in the account until the next barrier lack of lateral line, for example. FIFA is expected to become the assistant, following a real referee because he can dial or penalties and assistant judges or them.

Law 7 - The Duration of the Match

FIFA accept that the football game can be played in two 40 minute times, amid depends only decided by the team and the referee prior to the official announcement, but the thing is traditionally recommended 45 minutes. The extensions have a maximum time of 30 minutes, divided into two 15-minute times. The time interval can also decide between the team, but should never exceed 15 minutes.

Rule 8 - The Game

Valid score a goal with the initial setback. The principle must occur in the middle of the center circle in the middle field, and the ball can kick straight to the opposition's goal. The player who puts the ball in motion can not return to touch first before another player kicks it. The rule also speaks in situations suddenly suspended the game before the ball kicks away from the play ground.

Rule 9 - The Ball In

It is considered that the ball leaves the field only if all its extension beyond the lines that demarcate the boundaries of the field. The ball remains in play if the referee or assistant not say otherwise.

Rule 10 - The goal of the annotation to validate

It's the same approach of the previous point: the ball must go completely below the line for a touchdown.

Rule 11 - The misplaced

According to the rules of football a player is out of place if it is closer to the goal line and the ball is past rival goalkeeper. In the nineties, the permit was included in the rule so that the player is placed on the same line as the ball and the second last opponent. That means that if the ball is in front of the player, never takes place outside, as there is not in the shots, the band and the services of the corner of the goal.

Rule 12 - Conduct

There are ten offenses classified by FIFA in the edition of his book of rules, ranging from the simple to the spit impact. Depending on the severity of the deficiency, is punished with a yellow card (caution) or red (ejection). Received two yellow cards in a match involving the automatic red card and thus abandoning the ground game.

Law 13 - Free throws are two types: direct and indirect

Direct costs can be received directly into the goal, and the indirect demand that happens first become a partner. The judge indicated when the collection is indirect, keeping one arm. Normally, the lack of two steps is dangerous and reckless obstruction, and delay games with the feet of a player to his own goalkeeper. The goalkeeper can take the ball with your hands until it comes to the foot of a teammate. Any other body part is valid, but do get the ball back with the knee and can be punished by the referee.

Law 14 - The Penalty Kick

As noble as the game time should be extended for the penitentiary. All players must be 9.15 meters away from the main scene.

Rule 15 - The Throw

Invalid score a goal directly from a web service. In addition, both feet must touch the executor to sell online or outside of it. The ball must be sent with both hands and throw it back over the head.

Rule 16 - The Goal Kick

It can be executed from any point of the small area, no matter which side the ball left. To be received, the ball needs to leave the big area.

If it will not, repeat the service.

Rule 17 - The corner

The pennants built four field peaks can not be withdrawn. As peculiar data, a goal from a corner service may be scored directly, but only against the opposing team. The rule anticipates that if that happens, another corner is marked, now please the other team, the other side of the field.